Question 1

Figure 8.1
-Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that bind with the neurotransmitter in Step 4 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.

Accepted Answer

A)  a receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an ion channel
B)  a voltage- gated calcium channel for reuptake of Ca2+
C)  endocytotic vesicle storing neurotransmitter
D)  transporter for the reuptake of released neurotransmitter
E)  an enzyme used to remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleftF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

What happens to the resting membrane potential of - 70 mV when potassium channels open?

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization
B)  membrane stabilization
C)  hyperpolarization
D)  repolarization
E)  returns to - 70 mVF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the membrane and into the cleft
B)  movement of calcium through gap junctions
C)  initiation of an action potential
D)  fusion of vesicles to the membrane and of exocytosis neurotransmitter
E)  termination of an action potentialF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Information on the amplitude of a particular response is coded for by the amplitude of the action potential generated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An action potential is triggered if the membrane potential at the axon hillock is depolarized to threshold.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a neuropeptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycine
B)  substance P
C)  norepinephrine
D)  aspartate
E)  acetylcholineF) C) and E)
G) A) and B) B

Question 7

What type of receptor is responsible for the rapid opening of ion channels in response to the interaction between the ligand and receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  potentiotropic
B)  ionotropic
C)  metabotropic
D)  chemotropic
E)  mechanotropicF) D) and E)
G) B) and D) B

Question 8

Synaptic potentials are produced at what type of synapse?

Accepted Answer

A)  axoaxonic, axodendritic, and axosomatic synapses
B)  axoaxonic and axodendritic synapses only
C)  axoaxonic and axosomatic synapses only
D)  pre- axon hillock synapses only
E)  axodendritic synapses onlyF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 9

For cells that communicate by electrical synapses, the message travels between cells via

Accepted Answer

A)  the diffusion of neurotransmitters.
B)  gap junctions.
C)  ions moving across the synaptic cleft.
D)  active transport across the synaptic cleft.
E)  passive transport across the synaptic cleft.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Figure 8.1
-In Figure 8.1, what is the event in Step 1 that is required to start the process that leads to the release of neurotransmitter from an axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of sodium into the neuron and down the axon
B)  movement of calcium down the axon
C)  generator potential from the axon hillock
D)  migration of newly synthesized neurotransmitter from the soma
E)  action potentialF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

What is the type of receptor present on the axon terminal that responds to the release of neurotransmitter from that same axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  nociceptor
B)  autoreceptor
C)  short loop receptor
D)  reuptake receptor
E)  paracrine receptorF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Which of the following BEST describes presynaptic facilitation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The modulating neuron triggers an action potential in the postsynaptic cell.
B)  The modulating neuron decreases the effective communication between the cell it is modulating and its postsynaptic cell.
C)  The modulating neuron stabilizes the membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell.
D)  The modulating neuron causes an EPSP on the postsynaptic cell.
E)  The modulating neuron enhances neurotransmitter release to the postsynaptic cell.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following statements about electrical synapses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrical synapses connect hypothalamic neurons that release tropic hormones.
B)  Gap junctions are formed from proteins called connexins.
C)  Electrical synapses are usually for small- response, single neuron firing.
D)  Electrical synapses are found in the retina.
E)  Electrical synapses are found in the brainstem.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Most communication between neurons in the central nervous system is one- to- one, that is, one presynaptic neuron communicates to just one postsynaptic neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi apparatus
B)  rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)  cytosol of the axon terminal
D)  synaptic vesicles
E)  axon hillockF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholinesterase
B)  monoamine oxidase
C)  choline acetyl transferase
D)  catechol- O- methyltransferase
E)  adenylate cyclaseF) B) and E)
G) A) and D) E

Question 17

Which of the following neurotransmitters is the most common neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine
B)  glycine
C)  substance P
D)  norepinephrine
E)  aspartateF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, a quick burst of neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following statements about synapses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most synapses in the nervous system are chemical synapses.
B)  Communication across electrical synapses is bi- directional.
C)  Communication at chemical synapses is slower than at electrical synapses.
D)  Electrical synapses can be gated.
E)  Neurotransmitters can move from one cell to another through gap junctions at an electrical synapse.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Voltage- gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in response to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  initiation of an action potential in the axon hillock
B)  arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal
C)  neurotransmitter binding to receptor
D)  paracrines released from the post- synaptic cell
E)  summation of graded potentials at the axon hillockF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Figure 8.1 -Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that bind with the neurotransmitter in Step 4 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens to the resting membrane potential of - 70 mV when potassium channels open?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Information on the amplitude of a particular response is coded for by the amplitude of the action potential generated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An action potential is triggered if the membrane potential at the axon hillock is depolarized to threshold.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a neuropeptide?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What type of receptor is responsible for the rapid opening of ion channels in response to the interaction between the ligand and receptor?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Synaptic potentials are produced at what type of synapse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For cells that communicate by electrical synapses, the message travels between cells via

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 8.1 -In Figure 8.1, what is the event in Step 1 that is required to start the process that leads to the release of neurotransmitter from an axon terminal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the type of receptor present on the axon terminal that responds to the release of neurotransmitter from that same axon terminal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following BEST describes presynaptic facilitation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about electrical synapses is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most communication between neurons in the central nervous system is one- to- one, that is, one presynaptic neuron communicates to just one postsynaptic neuron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of acetylcholine?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Which of the following neurotransmitters is the most common neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, a quick burst of neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about synapses is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Voltage- gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in response to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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B

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E

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