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Expectancy theory suggests that managers attempting to improve employee performance would be well advised to


A) make sure that all employees are expected to meet the same standards.
B) focus on setting monetary rewards for meeting the standards.
C) set attainable performance goals.
D) keep salaries earned by employees confidential.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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________ means to work with a subordinate, doing part of the work if necessary.


A) Coaching
B) Guiding
C) Helping
D) Teaching

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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As a motivational technique, open communication is enhanced when management provides several opportunities for employees to congregate and share ideas.

A) True
B) False

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In order to encourage teamwork among managers and employees, top management must create an organizational culture that allows autonomy, decentralizes authority, and rewards good work.

A) True
B) False

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Job enlargement is about breaking down a sizeable job into smaller parts so that the employee is not overwhelmed by a large task.

A) True
B) False

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Theory Z emphasizes reliance on individual creativity and initiative rather than collective decision making.

A) True
B) False

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According to Herzberg's views, which of the following strategies would be most likely to result in a higher level of worker motivation?


A) improving the physical working conditions
B) providing clear and fair work rules and policies
C) making the work itself more interesting and challenging
D) using time-motion studies to find the most efficient techniques for employees to use

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Robert is a talented guitarist and has won a number of awards. However, he still practices at least two hours a day to reach his highest potential. Robert is motivated by self-actualization needs.

A) True
B) False

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Before ending the meeting, John Noble informed Howie that he would be sending out an e-mail to all employees asking for suggestions as to how the jobs could be restructured to improve productivity. As Howie walked back to the production site, he shook his head, "Is Noble from a different planet? Does he really think our workers have a clue?" Unlike Noble, Howie does not realize that


A) employees can be motivated by open communication.
B) employees seek equity.
C) employee perceptions of equity are usually underestimations.
D) employees will offer ways to simplify job tasks.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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William Ouchi called the management approach typically used by Japanese firms


A) Type X.
B) Type J.
C) Type Q.
D) scientific management.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Herzberg's research identified several ________ factors that did not necessarily motivate employees if they were increased, but could cause employees to become dissatisfied if they were missing or inadequate.


A) retroactive
B) inferior
C) hygiene
D) negative

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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According to researchers David Nadler and Edward Lawler, managers should set performance standards that are attainable only by the most talented and dedicated employees.

A) True
B) False

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Motivation is largely the result of external rewards and punishments.

A) True
B) False

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Ronald, the CEO of Extel Micro-a technology provider with 17,000 employees-answers his own phone and takes calls from employees of all levels. He actually loves to hear about what employees think the company is doing right and what they could be doing better. Ronald is building teamwork by


A) creating an organizational culture that rewards listening.
B) rewarding employees with cash bonuses for good ideas.
C) giving high performers separate perks they value.
D) bolstering employee fairness.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Ray, the CEO of McNealy Metals, often brags that his company offers the highest salaries in the industry, has excellent working conditions, and has clear and consistent company policies. At the same time, though, he admits his workforce is not highly motivated. Herzberg's research suggests that McNealy Metals is having difficulty motivating its employees because it focuses on


A) interactive factors.
B) motivating factors.
C) altruistic factors.
D) hygiene factors.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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The sense of satisfaction you get when you achieve an important goal is an intrinsic reward.

A) True
B) False

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Extrinsic rewards are those that are given to a person by someone else.

A) True
B) False

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Theory ________ managers see employees as having a general dislike for work and an unwillingness to accept responsibility.


A) A
B) X
C) Y
D) Z

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The Hawthorne studies proved that the methods of scientific management were the best way to achieve maximum productivity among employees.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following practices would fail to result in more open communication?


A) provide opportunities such as company picnics and open lunch rooms that promote active communication among employees and management
B) develop opportunities for employees to offer open-ended responses to internal surveys
C) provide the opportunity for exit interviews when employees leave or are discharged
D) provide training for improving listening skills

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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