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If behavior problem scores are roughly normally distributed in the population, a sample of behavior problem scores will


A) be normally distributed with any size sample.
B) more closely resemble a normal distribution as the sample size increases.
C) have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
D) be negatively skewed.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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A normal distribution


A) has more than half of its data points to the left of the median.
B) has more than half of its data points to the right of the mean.
C) has 95% of its data points within one standard deviation of the mean.
D) is symmetrical.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Knowing that data are normally distributed allows me to


A) calculate the probability of obtaining a score greater than some specified value.
B) calculate the probability of obtaining a score of exactly 1.
C) calculate what range of values are unlikely to occur by chance.
D) both a and c

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is a good reason to convert data to z scores?


A) We want to be able to estimate probabilities or proportions easily.
B) We think that it is easier for people to work with round numbers.
C) We want to make a skewed set of data into a normally distributed set of data.
D) all of the above

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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A linear transformation of data


A) multiplies all scores by a constant and/or adds some constant to all scores.
B) is illegal.
C) drastically changes the shape of a distribution.
D) causes the data to form a straight line.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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If the test scores on an art history exam were normally distributed with a mean of 76 and standard deviation of 6, we would expect


A) most students scored around 70.
B) no one scored 100 on the exam.
C) almost equal numbers of students scored a 70 and an 82.
D) both a and c

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The advantage of using T-scores and standard scores is


A) those scores provide a common form of reference to everyone using them.
B) only negative numbers are used.
C) the mean is always 10.
D) scores of -1 and +1 are equal distances from the mean.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The distribution that is normally distributed with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 is called


A) the normal distribution.
B) the standard normal distribution.
C) the skewed normal distribution.
D) the ideal normal distribution.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Using the distribution in the previous question, calculate z scores for: a. X = 11 b. X = 35 c. X = 71

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a. -1.78
...

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If behavior problem scores are normally distributed, and we want to say something meaningful about what values are likely and what are unlikely, we would have to know


A) the mean.
B) the standard deviation.
C) the sample size.
D) both a and b

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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A z score of 1.25 represents an observation that is


A) 1.25 standard deviation below the mean.
B) 0.25 standard deviations above the mean of 1.
C) 1.25 standard deviations above the mean.
D) both b and c

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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If you are interested in identifying children who are highly aggressive, and you have a normally distributed scale that will do so, you will be particularly interested in


A) scores on that scale that are substantially above the mean.
B) scores on that scale that are substantially far from the mean.
C) scores on that scale that are substantially below the mean.
D) any extreme score.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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In a normal distribution, the majority of scores fall beyond plus or minus one standard deviation from the mean.

A) True
B) False

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In a normal distribution, about how much of the distribution lies within two (2) standard deviations of the mean?


A) 33% of the distribution
B) 50% of the distribution
C) 66% of the distribution
D) 95% of the distribution

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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"Abscissa" is to _______ as "ordinate" is to _______.


A) density; frequency
B) frequency; density
C) horizontal; vertical
D) vertical; horizontal

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The most common situation in statistical procedures is to assume that


A) data are positively skewed.
B) data are negatively skewed.
C) data are normally distributed.
D) it doesn't make any difference what the distribution of the data looks like.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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The normal distribution is bimodal and symmetric.

A) True
B) False

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Transforming a set of data to a new mean and standard deviation using a linear transformation


A) alters the shape of the distribution.
B) makes the scores harder to work with.
C) is rarely permissible.
D) is something we do frequently.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The difference between a standard score of -1.0 and a standard score of 1.0 is


A) the standard score 1.0 is farther from the mean than -1.0.
B) the standard score -1.0 is farther from the mean than 1.0.
C) the standard score 1.0 is above the mean while -1.0 is below the mean.
D) the standard score -1.0 is above the mean while 1.0 is below the mean.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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