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Which of the following statements about the presidential veto is most accurate?


A) Presidents have used the veto only twice in American history.
B) Use of the veto has remained constant across presidential administrations, and vetoes are frequently overridden.
C) Use of the veto varies considerably across presidential administrations, and vetoes are seldom overridden.
D) The line item veto and pocket vetoes are theoretical and never used.
E) Use of the veto has remained constant across presidential administrations, and vetoes are seldom overridden.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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________ occurs when the president directs administrative agencies to promulgate specific rules and regulations.


A) Regulatory review
B) Administrative oversight
C) Delegation
D) An executive agreement
E) A mandate

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The expansion of the Executive Office of the President, the development of regulatory review, and the use of executive orders have been important because they


A) are deeply unpopular with the public and have led to the declining trust in American government.
B) make it very difficult for challengers to defeat incumbent presidents in elections.
C) have given presidents substantial capacity to achieve significant policy results despite congressional opposition to their legislative agendas.
D) have dramatically limited the power of the president and made it easier for Congress to dominate the American political system.
E) have rendered the judiciary essentially irrelevant in the American political system.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following tactics did Franklin Roosevelt NOT use to forge a link between the executive office and the public?


A) going on speaking trips around the nation
B) fireside chats on the radio
C) holding biweekly press conferences with reporters
D) designating the first White House press secretary
E) running extensive national television advertising campaigns

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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The formal group of presidential foreign policy advisers, established in 1947, is called the ________.


A) State Department
B) National Security Council
C) Joint Chiefs of Staff
D) Council on Foreign Relations
E) War Council

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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In Youngstown Co. v. Sawyer (1952) , the Supreme Court justices determined that


A) segregation in the public schools was unconstitutional.
B) in the emergency powers granted to the president, it is legal for them to take control of private industry under extreme circumstances.
C) the phrase "under God" could be legally added to the Pledge of Allegiance.
D) President Truman could not nationalize the steel mills in America.
E) none of the above

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following statements about Congress and the executive branch is most accurate?


A) The Constitution explicitly prohibits Congress from providing specific guidelines to executive agencies for implementing laws.
B) Starting around the time of the New Deal, Congress has tended to draft legislation that offers very specific guidelines for implementation by the executive.
C) Congress has never given executive agencies broad mandates and has always drafted legislation that offers very specific guidelines for implementation by the executive.
D) Starting around the time of the New Deal, Congress has tended to give executive agencies broad mandates and to draft legislation that offers few clear guidelines for implementation by the executive.
E) Throughout all of American history, Congress has tended to give executive agencies broad mandates and to draft legislation that offers few clear guidelines for implementation by the executive.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following attributes did the framers intend for the office of the president to possess?


A) popularity
B) energy
C) extensive flexibility
D) unrestrained power
E) high level of formal education

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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In United States v. Nixon (1974) , the Supreme Court justices


A) impeached Nixon.
B) allowed Nixon to withhold secret tapes from Congress.
C) required Nixon to turn over secret tapes to Congress.
D) reinstated the independent prosecutor fired by Nixon.
E) ruled that Nixon must resign from office in order to avoid criminal charges.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true?


A) Public administrators have a great deal of discretion in the modern world.
B) In the modern era, political power has shifted away from the presidency and to Congress.
C) In the modern era, political power has shifted away from Congress and to the presidency.
D) both a and c
E) The Supreme Court is more powerful than Congress and the presidency.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Perhaps the most significant constitutional powers of the president are those concerning waging war. Explore the president's war powers. What are they? How have different presidents exercised those powers? What are the war powers of Congress? How has Congress attempted to limit the president's unilateral use of war powers? How did George W. Bush use his war powers to conduct the war on terrorism?

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The Environmental Protection Agency


A) was created by President Richard Nixon's executive order in 1970.
B) was created in pursuance of congressional legislation designed to improve air and water quality in the United States.
C) is responsible for establishing and enforcing air and water quality standards.
D) is an agency of the executive bureaucracy.
E) all of the above

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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Dwight Eisenhower used ________in 1957 to send troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to help desegregate Central High School.


A) the national guard
B) presidential emergency power
C) the War Powers Act
D) expressed powers
E) the elastic clause

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following statements about signing statements is FALSE?


A) Presidents have made signing statements throughout American history.
B) Ronald Reagan's attorney general, Edwin Meese, is credited with transforming the signing statement into a routine tool of presidential direct action.
C) George W. Bush issued more than 150 signing statements during his time in office.
D) Ever since Thomas Jefferson's presidency, all presidential signing statements have been recorded and added to the official legislative record.
E) Recent presidents have used signing statements in an attempt to negate congressional actions to which they objected.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following has caused an increase in the president's delegated powers?


A) recent constitutional amendments broadening the president's powers
B) the increasing scope and complexity of legislation
C) the War Powers Resolution
D) the shift toward a more bipartisan political environment in Congress
E) a series of Supreme Court decisions that have reinterpreted Article II of the Constitution

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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After the Civil War, why was it considered inappropriate for President Andrew Johnson to make a series of speeches seeking public support for his policies?


A) President Johnson traveled with his own press secretary, the first time a president had used public relations officials.
B) During the nineteenth century, it was perceived to be undignified for a president to campaign on his own behalf.
C) President Johnson did not speak to the general public but instead spoke only to handpicked audiences where he knew he would be favorably received.
D) President Johnson's speeches were delivered only in the former Confederate states and ignored the North, where he most needed support.
E) President Johnson's speeches were the first to encourage women and African Americans to become active in politics.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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________ was the first first lady to seek public office on her own.


A) Dolley Madison
B) Eleanor Roosevelt
C) Betty Ford
D) Hillary Clinton
E) Laura Bush

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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The turning point in American politics toward a president-centered government came about during the administration of ________.


A) Andrew Jackson
B) Abraham Lincoln
C) Franklin Roosevelt
D) Dwight Eisenhower
E) Lyndon Johnson

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The president has the power to appoint which of the following positions?


A) state governors who resign before their terms have expired
B) all state Supreme Court justices
C) cabinet secretaries
D) members of the House of Representatives who resign before their terms have expired
E) the Speaker of the House

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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Richard Nixon claimed ________ when he refused to turn over secret White House tapes to congressional investigators.


A) presidential immunity
B) expressed powers
C) executive privilege
D) delegated authority
E) the Fifth Amendment

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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