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Exam 6: Probability

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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If the probability of an experimental outcome that we observed was calculated to be less than .05 assuming the null hypothesis to be true,then we would ____.

A) accept the null hypothesis
B) reject the null hypothesis
C) fail to reject the null hypothesis
D) change the alpha level

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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What type of data table is useful for calculating probabilities?

A) frequency distribution
B) means table
C) contingency table
D) marginal means table

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Question 43

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Two outcomes are said to be mutually exclusive when it is possible for both outcomes to occur for a given individual.

The probability of drawing a red card from a deck of normal playing cards is .5 (half red,half black) .A magician draws 12 cards from the deck.What is the probability that the magician draws 10 red cards?

The correspondence between the binomial and normal distributions:

A set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive outcomes and their associated probabilities is known as a probability distribution.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three conceptualizations of probability discussed in the text?

In the language of probability theory,the act of flipping a coin is called an event and each unique outcome is called a trial.

A sample of 500 people aged 30 - 40 years old were interviewed to study the relationship between whether a person graduated from college or only high school and whether s/he changed jobs in the last 5 years.The results are found in the contingency table below. Answers below have been rounded to two decimal places.What is the probability that an individual has changed jobs or they have graduated from college?

Using the example of an experiment on extrasensory perception (ESP)where an individual's claim that she possesses psychic powers is tested by asking her to predict the outcome of each of 10 tosses of a coin,distinguish between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.

Distinguish between sampling with replacement versus sampling without replacement.

If the size of a sample is approximately 5% or less of the population,sampling with versus without replacement will have a large affect on probabilities calculated.

Probability theory is important to understand because

A sample of 500 people aged 30 - 40 years old were interviewed to study the relationship between whether a person graduated from college or only high school and whether s/he changed jobs in the last 5 years.The results are found in the contingency table below. Answers below have been rounded to two decimal places. What is the probability that an individual has not changed jobs,given that they have graduated from high school only?

Even though two events are related (nonindependent) ,this does not necessarily mean that:

A joint probability can be represented as p(A,B),where p(A,B)stands for the probability of both event A and event B occurring.

Using the binomial expression to compute a probability requires ____.

If events A and B are independent,then ____.

Suppose you wanted a rat to learn a maze which included 3 choice points and each choice included 3 different directions.Assume only 1 choice can be correct at a time.What is the probability of a rat finding the goal without any errors?

A researcher wanted to compare eye color distributions of babies born with a birth defect with babies who did not have the birth defect.26 babies with the defect were matched on gender,race,and age with 52 babies without the defect.The frequency of different eye colors as a function of the presence or absence of the defects was as follows: Eye Color Group Dark Medium Light Defect 1 6 19 No Defect 15 13 24 The values entered within the table (that is,1,6,19,15,13,24) are called ____.