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A firm is considering the purchase of an asset whose risk is greater than the current risk of the firm, based on any method for assessing risk.In evaluating this asset, the decision maker should


A) Increase the IRR of the asset to reflect the greater risk.
B) Increase the NPV of the asset to reflect the greater risk.
C) Reject the asset, since its acceptance would increase the risk of the firm.
D) Ignore the risk differential if the asset to be accepted would comprise only a small fraction of the total assets of the firm.
E) Increase the required rate of return used to evaluate the project to reflect the higher risk of the project.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Projects L and S each have an initial cost of $10,000, followed by a series of positive cash inflows.Project L has total, undiscounted cash inflows of $16,000, while S has total undiscounted inflows of $15,000.Further, at a discount rate of 10 percent, the two projects have identical NPVs.Which project's NPV will be more sensitive to changes in the discount rate? (Hint: Projects with steeper NPV profiles are more sensitive to discount rate changes.)


A) Project S.
B) Project L.
C) Both projects are equally sensitive to changes in the discount rate since their NPVs are equal at all required rates of return.
D) Neither project is sensitive to changes in the discount rate, since both have NPV profiles which are horizontal.
E) The solution cannot be determined unless the timing of the cash flows is known.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Tapley Acquisition Inc.is considering the purchase of Target Company.The acquisition would require an initial investment of $190,000, but Tapley's after-tax net cash flows would increase by $30,000 per year and remain at this new level forever.Assume the required rate of return is 15 percent.Should Tapley buy Target?


A) Yes, because the IRR < the required rate of return (r) .
B) Yes, because the NPV = $30,000.
C) Yes, because the NPV = $10,000.
D) No, because r > IRR.
E) No, because NPV < 0.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The depreciable base of an asset includes the purchase price and any additional expenditures required to make the asset operational, including shipping and installation.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is not a cash flow that results from the decision to accept a project?


A) Changes in working capital.
B) Shipping and installation costs.
C) Sunk costs.
D) Opportunity costs.
E) Externalities.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following statements is correct?


A) A relatively risky future cash outflow should be evaluated using a relatively low discount rate.
B) If a firm's managers want to maximize the value of the stock, they should concentrate exclusively on projects' market, or beta, risk.
C) If a firm evaluates all projects using the same required rate of return to determine NPVs, then the riskiness of the firm as measured by its beta will probably decline over time.
D) If a firm has a beta which is less than 1.0, say 0.9, this would suggest that its assets' returns are negatively correlated with the returns of most other firms' assets.
E) The above statements are all false.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Superior analytical techniques, such as NPV, used in combination with adjustments to the average required rate of return, can overcome the problem of poor cash flow estimation in decision making.

A) True
B) False

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The IRR of normal Project X is greater than the IRR of normal Project Y, and both IRRs are greater than zero.Also, the NPV of X is greater than the NPV of Y at the required rate of return.If the two projects are mutually exclusive, Project X should definitely be selected, and the investment made, provided we have confidence in the data.Put another way, it is impossible to draw NPV profiles that would suggest not accepting Project X.

A) True
B) False

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Other things held constant, an increase in the required rate of return will result in a decrease of a project's IRR.

A) True
B) False

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If an investment project would make use of land which the firm currently owns, the project should be charged with the opportunity cost of the land.

A) True
B) False

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Assume that you are comparing two mutually exclusive projects.Which of the following statements is most correct?


A) The NPV and IRR rules will always lead to the same decision unless one or both of the projects are "non-conventional" in the sense of having only one change of sign in the cash flow stream, i.e., one or more initial cash outflows (the investment) followed by a series of cash inflows.
B) If a conflict exists between the NPV and the IRR, the conflict can always be eliminated by dropping the IRR and replacing it with the payback period.
C) There will be a meaningful (as opposed to irrelevant) conflict only if the projects' NPV profiles cross, and even then, only if the required rate of return is to the left of (or lower than) the discount rate at which the crossover occurs.
D) Statements a, b, and c are all true.
E) None of the above is a correct statement.

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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The Unlimited, a national retailing chain, is considering an investment in one of two mutually exclusive projects.The discount rate used for Project A is 12 percent.Further, Project A costs $15,000, and it would be depreciated using MACRS.It is expected to have an after-tax salvage value of $5,000 at the end of 6 years and to produce after-tax cash flows (including depreciation) of $4,000 for each of the 6 years.Project B costs $14,815 and would also be depreciated using MACRS.B is expected to have a zero salvage value at the end of its 6-year life and to produce after-tax cash flows (including depreciation) of $5,100 each year for 6 years.The Unlimited's marginal tax rate is 40 percent.What risk-adjusted discount rate will equate the NPV of Project B to that of Project A?


A) 15%
B) 16%
C) 18%
D) 20%
E) 12%

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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If a firm is considering purchasing an asset whose beta is greater than the current beta of the firm, it should use a discount rate greater than the firm's average required rate of return to evaluate the possible investment.

A) True
B) False

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Woodson Inc.has two possible projects, Project A and Project B with the following cash flows: Woodson Inc.has two possible projects, Project A and Project B with the following cash flows:   At what required rate of return do the two projects have the same net present value (NPV) ? (In other words, what is the  crossover rate  of the projects' NPV profiles?)  A)  10.3% B)  13.5% C)  15.8% D)  21.7% E)  34.8% At what required rate of return do the two projects have the same net present value (NPV) ? (In other words, what is the "crossover rate" of the projects' NPV profiles?)


A) 10.3%
B) 13.5%
C) 15.8%
D) 21.7%
E) 34.8%

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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If a typical U.S.company uses the same discount rate to evaluate all projects, the firm will most likely become


A) Riskier over time, and its value will decline.
B) Riskier over time, and its value will rise.
C) Less risky over time, and its value will rise.
D) Less risky over time, and its value will decline.
E) There is no reason to expect its risk position or value to change over time as a result of its use of a single discount rate.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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The Ace Company is considering investing in a piece of property which costs $105,000.The property will return a constant cash flow forever.If the firm's required rate of return is 9 percent and the corporate tax rate is 40 percent, what is the minimum after-tax cash flow that would make the investment acceptable to Ace?


A) $15,942
B) $10,831
C) $9,450
D) $2,375
E) $5,000

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Capital budgeting is process of planning expenditures on assets whose cash flows are expected to end in less than one year.

A) True
B) False

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One problem with Monte Carlo simulation analysis is that, while the simulation may provide some insights into the riskiness of a project, the analysis does not lead to a clear-cut accept versus reject decision.

A) True
B) False

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The internal rate of return for a project that has initial costs of $10,000 and generates cash flows of $7,000 in year one, $8,000 in year two, and $5,000 in year three is 35.7%.

A) True
B) False

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The present value of the expected net cash inflows for a project will most likely exceed the present value of the expected net profit after tax for the same project because


A) Income is reduced by taxes paid, but cash flow is not.
B) There is a greater probability of realizing the projected cash flow than the forecasted income.
C) Income is reduced by dividends paid, but cash flow is not.
D) Income is reduced by depreciation charges, but cash flow is not.
E) Cash flow reflects any change in net working capital, but sales do not.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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