Question 1

Garcia and Koelling's findings on taste aversion in rats challenged the previously accepted principle that

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment in changing behavior.
B)   the US must immediately follow the CS for conditioning to occur.
C)   learning is influenced by the frequency of association between the CS and US.
D)   learning occurs only if a response is followed by reinforcement.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

John B. Watson emphasized that

Accepted Answer

A)   learning depends on how predictably rather than how frequently events are associated.
B)   unlike lower animals, humans learn through a process of cognition.
C)   both humans and lower animals learn to expect that a CS will be followed by a US.
D)   learning should be explained without any reference to mental processes.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

After exploring a complicated maze for several days, a rat subsequently ran the maze with very few errors when food was placed in the goal box for the first time. This performance illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   discrimination learning.
C)   observational learning.
D)   latent learning.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Because Saleem was spanked on several occasions for biting electric cords, he no longer does so. Saleem's behavior change best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   conditioned reinforcers.
D)   operant conditioning.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

If a shock is always preceded by a tone, and then sometimes also is preceded by a light that accompanies the tone, a rat will react

Accepted Answer

A)   with no fear either to the tone or to the light.
B)   with fear to the tone but not to the light.
C)   with fear to the light but not to the tone.
D)   with equally high levels of fear both to the tone and to the light.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

In a well-known experiment, preschool children pounded and kicked a large inflated Bobo doll that an adult had just beaten on. This experiment served to illustrate the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   respondent behavior.
C)   observational learning.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In which form of learning is behavior influenced by its consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning
B)   classical conditioning
C)   operant conditioning
D)   latent learningE) A) and D)
F) None of the above C

Question 8

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   the law of effect.
C)   observational learning.
D)   classical conditioning.E) None of the above
F) C) and D) D

Question 9

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a

Accepted Answer

A)   UR.
B)   US.
C)   CR.
D)   CS.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   observational learning.
C)   respondent behavior.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary reinforcement.
B)   generalization.
C)   shaping.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) B

Question 12

During extinction, the ________ is omitted; as a result, the ________ seems to disappear.

Accepted Answer

A)   US; UR
B)   CS; CR
C)   US; CR
D)   CS; URE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

In classical conditioning a stimulus is any event or situation that

Accepted Answer

A)   triggers imitation.
B)   signals a reinforcer.
C)   elicits operant behavior.
D)   evokes a response.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following is a form of associative learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning
B)   cognitive learning
C)   observational learning
D)   all of these types of learningE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Negative reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding, and punishments ________ the rate of operant responding.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase; decrease
B)   decrease; increase
C)   decrease; decrease
D)   have no effect on; decreaseE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   continuous reinforcement.
C)   latent learning.
D)   generalization.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

In Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning of a dog's salivary responses, spontaneous recovery occurred

Accepted Answer

A)   during acquisition, when the CS was first paired with the US.
B)   during extinction, when the CS was first presented by itself.
C)   when the CS was reintroduced following extinction of the CR and a rest period.
D)   during discrimination training, when several conditioned stimuli were introduced.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The acquisition of mental information by observing events, by watching others, or through language is called

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   cognitive learning.
C)   partial reinforcement.
D)   shaping.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

In classical conditioning, discrimination refers to the learned ability to distinguish between a ________ and other irrelevant stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)   US
B)   UR
C)   CS
D)   CRE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Socially responsive toddlers who readily imitate their parents tend to become preschoolers with a strong internalized conscience. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   observational learning.
D)   respondent behavior.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 7: Learning

Garcia and Koelling's findings on taste aversion in rats challenged the previously accepted principle that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John B. Watson emphasized that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After exploring a complicated maze for several days, a rat subsequently ran the maze with very few errors when food was placed in the goal box for the first time. This performance illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because Saleem was spanked on several occasions for biting electric cords, he no longer does so. Saleem's behavior change best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a shock is always preceded by a tone, and then sometimes also is preceded by a light that accompanies the tone, a rat will react

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a well-known experiment, preschool children pounded and kicked a large inflated Bobo doll that an adult had just beaten on. This experiment served to illustrate the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which form of learning is behavior influenced by its consequences?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedB

During extinction, the ________ is omitted; as a result, the ________ seems to disappear.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning a stimulus is any event or situation that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a form of associative learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding, and punishments ________ the rate of operant responding.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning of a dog's salivary responses, spontaneous recovery occurred

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The acquisition of mental information by observing events, by watching others, or through language is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, discrimination refers to the learned ability to distinguish between a ________ and other irrelevant stimuli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Socially responsive toddlers who readily imitate their parents tend to become preschoolers with a strong internalized conscience. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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D

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B

During extinction, the is omitted; as a result, the seems to disappear.

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Negative reinforcers the rate of operant responding, and punishments the rate of operant responding.

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