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Researchers found that individuals with an inflated sense of self-esteem and self-love could develop


A) reciprocal determinism.
B) narcissism.
C) secure self-esteem.
D) self-efficacy.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The pleasure principle is to the ________ as the reality principle is to the ________.


A) id;superego
B) id;ego
C) Oedipus complex;Electra complex
D) conscious;unconscious

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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As a result of his impulsiveness,David has had several run-ins with teachers and law enforcement.According to Freud,David's ________ is being overwhelmed by the desires of the ________.


A) id;superego
B) ego;id
C) id;ego
D) collective unconscious;preconscious

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Features of ________ have been observed to be common among people from a wide variety of cultures.


A) emotional stability
B) self-efficacy
C) the Big Five traits
D) reciprocal determinism

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Roberta has a secure sense of her own identity and is strongly motivated to develop her unique talents and interests so as to achieve her full potential.According to Abraham Maslow,Roberta exemplifies


A) unconditional positive regard.
B) selflessness.
C) a self-actualizing person.
D) empathy.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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In contemporary psychology,the self is considered to be


A) the part of personality that represents our internalized standards of morality.
B) the totality of the gene-environment interaction.
C) the organizer of our thoughts,feelings,and actions.
D) part of the person-situation controversy.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Tamika tends to blog about negative emotions and events in her life.Tamika is likely high in which Big Five trait?


A) openness
B) extraversion
C) neuroticism
D) conscientiousness

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Ingrid is a married woman who pursues sexual gratification by means of kissing rather than through sexual intercourse.According to Freud,this illustrates a(n)


A) Oedipus complex.
B) pleasure principle.
C) fixation.
D) projection.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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According to Freud,repressed feelings and ideas seep out in


A) people's work and daily habits.
B) the friends we choose.
C) the way we dress.
D) all of these ways.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Freud thought that the part of a dream we remember is a censored version of


A) the Oedipus complex.
B) the reality principle.
C) unconscious wishes.
D) the pleasure principle.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Professor Sanchez discovered that many of the fairy tales told to Western children also exist,but in different forms,in African and Asian cultures.According to Carl Jung,these stories are examples of cultural


A) defense mechanisms.
B) stereotypes.
C) implicit memories.
D) archetypes.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Which personality theorists have most clearly been credited with encouraging the popular belief that a positive self-concept is the key to happiness and success?


A) psychodynamic theorists
B) behaviorists
C) humanistic theorists
D) neo-Freudians

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The Oedipus complex is the term used by Freud to describe


A) the erogenous zones that are the focus of the latency stage.
B) the passive dependence of someone who is orally fixated.
C) children's efforts to overcome feelings of inferiority.
D) boys' feelings of guilt and fear of punishment over their sexual desire for their mother.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Some modern personality researchers believe our identity may be helpfully revealed using ________,which involves collecting a rich narrative detailing our unique life history.


A) psychoanalysis
B) schemas
C) the life story approach
D) the Thematic Apperception Test

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Theresa is thinking about what she would like to do with her life.She would like to be financially stable,successful at her career,and in a happy,satisfying relationship.She would like to make sure that she does not have extremely limited income,experience divorce,or be in a job that she does not like.Theresa is pondering


A) her possible selves.
B) the spotlight effect.
C) her self-efficacy.
D) a self-serving bias.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Freud suggested that a boy's identification with his father during the phallic stage illustrates


A) latency development.
B) the benefits of immediate gratification.
C) free association.
D) the process of conflict resolution.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to psychoanalytic theory,the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the


A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) erogenous zones.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition,determination,persistence,and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?


A) priming
B) factor analysis
C) empirically derived testing
D) interviews

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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U.S.politicians tend to have higher scores than those in the general population on such traits as all of the following EXCEPT


A) extraversion.
B) emotional stability.
C) neuroticism.
D) agreeableness.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques


A) psychodynamic theory.
B) archetypes.
C) epigenetics.
D) psychoanalysis.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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